3 Types of Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces or IMFs are physical forces between molecules. In contrast, intramolecular forces are forces between atoms within a single molecule. Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces. Key Takeaways: Intermolecular Forces Intermolecular forces act between molecules. In contrast, intramolecular forces act within molecules.Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces.Examples of intermolecular forces include the London dispersion force, dipole-dipole interaction, ion-dipole interaction, and van der Waals forces. How Molecules Interact The interaction between intermolecular  forces may be used to describe  how molecules interact with one another. The strength or weakness of intermolecular forces determines the state of matter of a substance (e.g., solid, liquid, gas) and some of the chemical properties (e.g., melting point, structure). There are three major types of intermolecular forces: London dispersion force, dipole-dipole interaction, and ion-dipole interaction. Heres a closer look at these three intermolecular forces, with examples of each type. London Dispersion Force The London dispersion force is also known as LDF,  London forces, dispersion forces, instantaneous dipole forces, induced dipole forces, or the induced dipole-induced dipole force The London dispersion force, the force between two nonpolar molecules, is the weakest of the intermolecular forces. The electrons of one molecule are attracted to the nucleus of the other molecule, while repelled by the other molecules electrons. A dipole is induced when the electron clouds of the molecules are distorted by the attractive and repulsive electrostatic forces. Example:  An example of London dispersion force is the interaction between two methyl (-CH3) groups. Example: A second example of London dispersion force is the interaction between nitrogen gas (N2) and oxygen gas (O2) molecules. The electrons of the atoms are not only attracted to their own atomic nucleus, but also to the protons in the nucleus of the other atoms. Dipole-Dipole Interaction Dipole-dipole interaction occurs whenever two polar molecules get near each other. The positively charged portion of one molecule is attracted to the negatively charged portion of another molecule. Since many molecules are polar, this is a common intermolecular force. Example:  An example of dipole-dipole interaction is the interaction between two sulfur dioxide (SO2) molecules, in which the sulfur atom of one molecule is attracted to the oxygen atoms of the other molecule. Example: H​ydrogen bonding is considered a specific example of a dipole-dipole interaction always involving hydrogen. A hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom of another molecule, such as an oxygen atom in water. Ion-Dipole Interaction Ion-dipole interaction occurs when an ion encounters a polar molecule. In this case, the charge of the ion determines which part of the molecule attracts and which repels. A cation or positive ion would be attracted to the negative part of a molecule and repelled by the positive part. An anion or negative ion would be attracted to the positive part of a molecule and repelled by the negative part. Example:  An example of the ion-dipole interaction is the interaction between a Na ion and water (H2O) where the sodium ion and oxygen atom are attracted to each other, while the sodium and hydrogen are repelled by each other. Van der Waals Forces Van der Waals forces are the interaction between uncharged atoms or molecules. The forces are used to explain the universal attraction between bodies, the physical adsorption of gases, and the cohesion of condensed phases. The van der Waals forces encompass intermolecular forces as well as some intramolecular forces including Keesom interaction, the Debye force, and the London dispersion force. Sources Ege, Seyhan (2003). Organic Chemistry: Structure and Reactivity. Houghton Mifflin College. ISBN 0618318097. pp. 30–33, 67.Majer, V. and Svoboda, V. (1985). Enthalpies of Vaporization of Organic Compounds. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford. ISBN 0632015292.Margenau, H. and Kestner, N. (1969). Theory of Inter-molecular Forces. International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy. Pergamon Press, ISBN 1483119289.

Jesus Is Jesus The Only Savior - 1123 Words

Analysis Many today struggle with the Christian teaching that the only way to salvation is through faith in Jesus Christ. There are a variety of alternatives offered, notably pluralism and inclusivism. In the second half of his book Is Jesus the Only Savior? Dr. Ronald Nash addresses the teaching of inclusivism, comparing its claims with the claims of orthodox Christianity and evaluating the merits of those claims. It is the purpose of this analysis to evaluate his rebuttal of inclusivism as presented in chapters 7-11 of Is Jesus the Only Savior?. Dr. Nash approaches this discussion with a masterful command of the subject. He earned a PhD in Philosophy at Syracuse University, going on to serve as a professor for over forty years. According to the biographical information given on the back cover of our text, he â€Å"served twenty-seven years as professor of philosophy and department chairperson at Western Kentucky University† and has authored or edited â€Å"more than twenty-five books.† In addition, Dr. Nash was professor of philosophy at both Reformed Theological Seminary and Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. His wide-ranging scholarship addresses topics such as faith and reason, liberation theology, social justice, and St. Augustine’s theory of knowledge. This background enables Dr. Nash to engage in this issue with both philosophical clarity and historical perspective. While Dr. Nash does not claim to be a New Testament scholar, he demonstrates a clear familiarity with theShow MoreRelatedIs Jes us The Only Savior?761 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Ronald Nash’s book Is Jesus the Only Savior? seeks to explain or shed light on this question that has puzzled many in previous generations as well as ours. The resounding answer that comes forth from his arguments is â€Å"yes,† Jesus is the only savior of humankind. He starts by taking into account the three schools of thought associated with this controversial question. These are Pluralism, Inclusivism, and Exclusivism. The first six chapters of the book deals with Pluralism, which canRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior?758 Words   |  4 PagesIs Jesus the only Savior? This question does not seem to come up in daily conversation with true believers. John 14:6, â€Å"Jesus told him, â€Å"I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me.† Ronald H. Nash was a professor and writer for over 40 years. Nash wrote â€Å"this book to examine three competing views, identifies some of their major proponents, and explains why they believe as they do, with a view to determining which is true.† (Nash, 1994, p. 9). AnalysisRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior?1807 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Ronald H. Nash’s book, Is Jesus the Only Savior? , explores three competing views, exclusivism, pluralism and inclusivism, of salvation and Christ as Savior. Nash is a Christian exclusivist, who believes in the Trinity and the inerrancy of Scripture. He does not deviate from his Christian worldview of exclusivism or from the Orthodox belief, â€Å"The Bible is God’s special revelation inscripturated.† In part two of the book, Nash states his purpose, â€Å"to examine specific disagreements betweenRead MoreIs Jesus The Only Savior? Essay2166 Words   |  9 PagesIs Jesus the Only Savior? Ronald Nash, a prolific writer, and apologist. Nash received his PhD from Syracuse University, and was a professor of multiple theological classes at Western Kentucky University, Reformed Theological Seminary, and the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In addition, he taught Philosophy, Religion, and Spirituality. Nash resume speaks for itself. With his experience, and knowledge he exemplifies this in his great book, Is Jesus the Only Savior? He presents this bookRead MoreThe Pluralistic View : Is Jesus The Only Savior?1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pluralistic View: Is Jesus the Only Savior? Jesus said to him, â€Å"I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me. Is Jesus really the only Savior for the whole world? Some may find this ludicrous. How does one man save an entire creation? In addition to that, the only way for one to be saved is to go through Him. On the other hand if you were to ask any Christian this question, of course the answer would be â€Å"yes, Jesus is the only Way.† As for those who mayRead MoreA Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior† Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesLiberty University A Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior† AN ANALYSIS PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Daniel Light, PhD IN COMPLETION OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR Theology 313 BY Gabriel Lopez Lynchburg, Virginia June 18, 2012 Introduction The title of Nash’s book is fitting for the content in which it contains. One will not find the traditional arguments that come with Soteriology. Initially, the author thought that he would be reading a book that covers a topic that hadRead MoreEssay A Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior†2249 Words   |  9 Pages A Book Analysis of â€Å"Is Jesus the Only Savior† Chapters 1-6: Pluralism by Ronald H. Nash Justin W. Cullen Theology 313 July 29, 2012 Analysis Ronald H. Nash begins his book responding the position of pluralism in regards to the exclusivity of Jesus Christ, mainly directed at John Hick, who was a leading proponent of pluralism until his death earlier this year. Nash was an evangelical Baptist theologian and apologist, who subscribed to the Calvinist tradition. Within his book, Nash tacklesRead MoreWrights Visions of Jesus in his Book, Who Was Jesus958 Words   |  4 Pages16:15). Two thousand years ago, Jesus asked his followers. â€Å"Who he really was?† Tom Wright, who lives in 21st century, asks again. In this book, Wright puts the reader on a time machine and brings them back to Palestine, 1st century and starts the story of â€Å"historical Jesus†. Wright directly goes into the Gospels and talks about Jesus. Put down the ambition of Jews, take away the mystery of history, break the rule of religion, and at the moment when you realize about Jesus’ real desire, we finally canRead More The Man Who Died by D.H. Lawrence - A Blasphemous Work Essay examples1618 Words   |  7 Pagesin depicting a Jesus diversified from the biblical Jesus. Although the novella does not refer to Jesus’ name itself, it is conspicuous throughout the short story that the man who died is in fact the messiah. The novella commences with the savior resurrecting into life after a â€Å"long sleep†, referring to the messiah’s execution. As the novella progresses, Jesus revolutionizes into a mundane human being repudiating his former lifestyle. Throughout the novella, the reade r sees a Jesus that is analogousRead MoreI Surrender All Essay563 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"I Surrender All† means to give everything to Jesus. There will come a time in one’s life to submit your will to Jesus daily. After trying to fix the situation or make necessary changes in life, we can’t live without Jesus. Jesus is the key to true happiness. As we surrender ourselves to him, we are giving Jesus permission to make changes and alteration to our lives. The song is filled with poetic language. The author was able to reveal his love to Jesus in a graceful expression. The language chosen

The Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials - 1647 Words

Amanda Whitsett Robison History 1301 November 17, 2010 The Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials The events that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 have had historians scrutinizing over the causes for years. There have been several theories about how the situation became so out of control. The haunting story is well known in America, taught to our youth and has been the focus of numerous forms of media. We are familiar with the story but unfamiliar with the origin of its beginnings. The role of religion and the presence of mob psychology were the primary catalyst behind the Salem witch trials. There are several other terms that could replace mob psychology such as group think, group control, social psychology.†¦show more content†¦The community’s response became more agitated as the trials continued. Those who confessed were neither tried nor sentenced. (LaPlante 138) The number of confessions only supported the girls’ accusations allowing them more credibility. Those who claimed to be innocent wer e hung following their trial or for one man tortured. At this point, the presence of a strong governing body could have brought a more peaceful solution and calmed the growing fear of the people. Instead, the judges allowed the theatrics in the courtroom and the situation spun quickly out of control. This is an example of how mob psychology affected the outcome of these trials. The peoples’ fears were compounded by the girls’ emotional out bursts, the religious view points being expressed at this time and growing distrust of people seen as different from themselves. There was no governing body, civil or religious, that was willing or able to control public response. On the contrary, the establishment of Court of Oyer and Terminer, in May of 1692, brought a new level of seriousness. (Norton 194) Grand and petty juries were formed, witnesses were called in and the charades escaladed. On December 23, the court appointed new juries of men who felt the proceedings were too violent and they would use â€Å"another method† while conducting future trials.Show MoreRelatedTerror Of A Mass Hysteria Hoax1082 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the sixteenth century, witch trials caused the deaths of thousands as chaos spread throughout Europe. Many European villages in history have witnessed witch executions and the imprisonment of suspected witches. The Crucible, along with the Salem Witch Trials and the European witch trials, have many similarities and differences that make them both memorable and important. The Salem Witch Trials lasted from, roughly, February 1692 to May of 1963. The trials in Salem were started by a group ofRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : Crisis1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials: Crisis in Salem Village Many people know of the Salem witch trials that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in the year 1692 spilling over into the year 1693. 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She focused on the social and economic roles womenRead MoreThe Eternal Internal Conflict Of The Crucible By Arthur Miller1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe Eternal Internal Conflict Sigmund Freud laid an elaborate framework for modern psychology in the early twentieth century, and his principles have resonated throughout time. In fact, the respected American Psychoanalytic Association still discusses Sigmund Freud and his work, despite it being almost a century old (Landau 2). Psychotherapist Avinash De Sousa writes, â€Å"...one must admit that no other therapist ever constructed a conceptual and metatheoretical framework like Freud did† (3). ThusRead MoreEssay The Salem Witchcraft Trials of 16924260 Words   |  18 PagesThe Salem Witchcraft Trials of 1692 The Salem witchcraft trials of 1692, which resulted in 19 executions, and 150 accusations of witchcraft, are one of the historical events almost everyone has heard of. They began when three young girls, Betty Parris, Abigail Williams and Ann Putnam began to have hysterical fits, after being discovered engaging in forbidden fortune-telling (not dancing naked in the woods) to learn what sorts of men they would marry. Bettys father, the Reverend Samuel ParrisRead MorePuritans and Salem Witch Trials Essay2271 Words   |  10 PagesPuritans and the Salem Witch Trials During the time period of 1691 to 1692 the town of Salem, a small thriving community within the Puritan Massachusetts Bay colony, was struck by widespread hysteria in the form of witch trials. The way these trials and accusations played out are historically unlike any other witch trials found in European and American history. Historians have pointed to a number of economic, political, and social changes of the then existing institutions throughout the MassachusettsRead MorePsychological Disorders Essay1876 Words   |  8 Pagesmultiple criteria that come into play when determining a psychological disorder. One reason is because, it is hard to know for sure if an action is abnormal or not. Something could be abnormal in our country, but a custom in another. According to Psychology in Action, â€Å"[r]ather than being fixed categories, both â€Å"abnormal† and â€Å"normal† behaviors exist along a continuum, and no single criterion is adequate for [i]dentifying all forms of abnormal behavior† (Huffman). There are four criteria used to determineRead MoreWitch Hunt : The Bloody Release Of The Fear2047 Words   |  9 PagesJialin Zhang English A4 Mr. Dennis 5/14/16 Witch-hunt: the Bloody Release of the Fear Shakespeare, Queen Elizabeth, Christianity, and tea, all those things are closely related to Scotland and England. However, like all the other things in the world, England and Scotland are not perfect nor ideal. They also have their own dark and bloody history, and one of the most important part of that history is the origin of witch-hunt, or in other words, the execution of witches. Witchcraft was treated as theRead MoreEssay about The Salem Witch Trials2167 Words   |  9 Pagesalive in New England, The Salem witch trials. The fire inside the Salem Trials needs a fuel, fed to it from the spoon of the stupid, will grown until it burns everything in sight. Who knew a mere lack of knowledge could get 20 people killed and drag Puritan society through hell. Highly religious peoples had a large role in fueling the hysteria that occurred during the trials. The fear from being attacked during the Indian war also had a played a big role in why the Witch Trials kept going strong forRead Mor eThe Crucible And Mob Mentality1154 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature, the authors illustrate the hysteria the people of Salem and Northampton experienced, and how they dealt with their troubles together. Moreover, groups of people who share the same beliefs can conform to a certain idea, whether it is correct or not. To begin, both The Crucible and â€Å"Half-Hanged Mary† are inspired by true, historical events. Both works focused on the behaviors of the towns Salem and Northampton during their witch trials, where the civilians displayed extreme behavior driven by

National Seminar On Green Environment Theme -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The National Seminar On Green Environment Theme? Answer: Introduction In the past two decades technological innovations has touched heights allowing common people to achieve milestones in life. Sustainability, on the other hand, is a concept that is globally accepted as one of the major point of focus as more and more people recognize the importance of their duties and responsibilities towards the environment as well as the society at large. The deterioration of the environment has significant impact on the lives of each individual hence it is important to combine technology with sustainability to ensure a better and healthy future for the coming generations (Volberda et al. 2013). This report comprises of an analysis of a sustainable innovation in terms of its feasibility, practicality and ergonomic usage by end consumers. This report also elicits a conclusion form an investors perspective. Brief description of the innovation The idea of the business is to manage and eliminate e-waste in Delhi, with the help of advanced technology and implementing the idea of recycling and reusing of items which are possible and disposing of items which are not possible to recycle or reuse. In the process of disposal, the firm wants to implement procedures which will ensure minimum carbon exposure to the environment. Feasibility of innovation The first and foremost aspect of an innovation is feasibility, which means how far it is possible to carry out or is it just a theoretical concept. Any innovation requires financial support and initial investment in order to start the process of getting the project together. The idea that is being discussed is management of e-waste which is one of the main reasons for air water as well as land pollution in many parts of the world, Delhi to be more specific in this case (Sthiannopkao and Wong 2013). Market feasibility: this is high as there are a number of business units who do not know what to do with their e-wastes and end up dumping. With changing view among the business environment of India more and more entrepreneurs are recognizing their duties towards the environment and the society; hence this idea has a good market opportunity (Volberda et al. 2013). Economic feasibility: implementation of new technology has an initial large investment, which is a weakness for the project but the project is also very prosperous in nature as discussed in the previous point. And the growth potential of the project in Indian Market is also good therefore it is economically also feasible (Volberda et al. 2013). Hence it can be said the business proposal is feasible and has potential to grow in the future as well as disposal of e-waste has been challenging for many organisation. Practicality of the concept The project and practicality of the business is not only theoretically possible but also has practical prospect as the firm has resources to incorporate the technologies and there are prospects in the plan. Evaluation of the market India has ranked 5th in the production of E-Waste in the world. On the other hand, Delhi has been declared as the most polluted cities in India, therefore it is an opportunity for the firm on the other hand there are a number of established players in the market like e-waste recyclers, Hindustan e-waste management etc pose a serious threat to the idea (Uniindia.com 2017). The government of India is also taking steps and encouraging organisations to manage the e-wastes in a sustainable manner. Since, the proposal states that the focus in not only on disposal but also on recycle and reuse of materials the prospects of the business increases as just 1.5 per cent of India's E-Waste is recycled. Therefore, it can be said that there is a potential market but there are also equal amount of threat (Uniindia.com 2017). Analysis of the market There are two kinds of customers in the product and services that are being elicited in the presentation, the direct customers are people who will buy the recycled products from the organisation, and the indirect customers are the organisation that will avail the services of e-waste management. The products and services that are offered are said to be priced according to the Per capita income of the region. As the products will be secondhand it will be profitable of the consumers therefore it is within the purchasing power limit (Sthiannopkao and Wong 2013). Investors point of view Distribution strategy: in the presentation the distribution strategy is mentioned in a very arbitrary manner without specifying the steps the process of operation is going to follow, the technology etc are not mentioned in the strategy. Cost and finance: The monetary explanation of the project has been offered in a good way therefore as an investor it is helpful to understand the risk as well as prospects associated with the project, because the procedure or the distribution strategy is still unknown as an investor that is a major drawback. Rate of return: with the finance and cost of the project the rate of return is also explained. As an investor the prospects of the project seem to be on the positive side (Sthiannopkao and Wong 2013). Exit plan: The proposal has a satisfactory exit plan and as an investor, it is rational as well. The idea of merger and allowing franchise is practical as well as feasible as there are several Indian third parties help that is required in setting up the organisation as well. The proposal also states the prospective merger companies which as an investor is helpful (Bernardo 2014). Growth and sustainability of the product The product and services that are mentioned in the proposal are sustainable in nature as management of e-waste is one of the major pollution as well as societal issue globally. With the growth and advancement of technologies that manufacturing units are more and more looking for options that are sustainable in nature and are also assuring of the fact that their business operation have (Palett et al. 2013). The project is back with the idea of triple bottom line and as an investor it is important to take responsibility and invest in areas which not only is sustainable itself but is also helping other organisations to achieve the objective of triple bottom line (Cashman et al. 2014). Assessment of the team The team comprises of four individuals who have diversified knowledge base and specialization which will help the project get insightful inputs in the operations of the business. There are experts from both engineering as well as management background who will serve as the main resource of the business. Innovation in terms o technology will be handled by the technical experts whereas the business development and expansion of the business and implementing the management process of the business will be looked after by the management experts. Hence the team has capabilities in carry forward the project (Bernardo 2014). Conclusion It can be concluded form the above assessment of the idea can that the presentation is 4.5 out of ten, there are a lot of prospect in the idea but the ideas are supported by evidence in the presentation. As an investor it is important to see proof of the project. The reason why is Delhi chosen out of all the cities around the world is also unclear in the presentation. There is a lot of vague and incomplete information in the presentation based on which investors cannot incorporate so much money. The idea of the project seems lucrative but there are several intricate details of the project that are missing in the presentation. Thought the return, break even and the profits are discussed in a proper info-graphic way but these information lack support from practical factors. Therefore it can be said that the Investor is interested but needs more information. On the other hand, the amount of $ 1,800,000 AUD, is quoted which is too high for a single investor, therefore with more informati on and evidence only a part of the investment can be arranged. Unit Feedback The aspects associated with innovation like feasibility, practicality and analysis of the market are viewed from an in-depth point of view. These aspects of innovation will help in the future while investing in an idea. The concept of sustainability in business is also learned which has helped in recognised the duties and responsibilities each individual have towards building a sustainable future. Reference List: Bernardo, M., 2014. Integration of management systems as an innovation: a proposal for a new model.Journal of Cleaner Production,82, pp.132-142. Cashman, G.D., Nardari, F., Deli, D.N. and Villupuram, S.V., 2014. Investor behavior in the mutual fund industry: evidence from gross flows.Journal of Economics and Finance,38(4), pp.541-567. Palett, A.D., Aiswarya, S. and Jacob, P., 2013, December. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT. InNational Seminar on Green Environment Theme: Waste Management December 17th-18th, 2013(p. 74). Sthiannopkao, S. and Wong, M.H., 2013. Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences.Science of the Total Environment,463, pp.1147-1153. Uniindia.com., 2017.Workshop on 'E-Waste Management- Challenges, Prospects Strategies' organised. [online] uniindia.com. Available at: 1. https://www.uniindia.com/workshop-on-e-waste-management-challenges-prospects-strategies-organised/other/news/820030.html [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. Volberda, H.W., Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Heij, C.V., 2013. Management innovation: Management as fertile ground for innovation.European Management Review,10(1), pp.1-15.